CONCEPTUAL CATEGORY PERSON AND MEANS OF ITS VERBAL PRESENTATION IN THE FANTASY GENRE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.142802Keywords:
conceptual category, categorisation, conceptualisation, possible world, nominative unit innovationAbstract
The studies devoted to the issues of conceptualisation and categorisation of reality prove that language plays a key role in these two interrelated and interdependent processes. The purpose of the article is to analyse the structure of the conceptual category PERSON and the means of its verbal presentation in the fantasy genre. The data is collected from 85 fantasy novels written by British and American writers within the period from 1997 to 2012. The data includes 5890 nominative units (innovations, phrases, word combinations, sentences) either to name or characterise people of possible worlds presented in fantasy novels. The methods applied in this research are chosen considering the aim, objectives, and data. The contextual analysis, the analysis of definitions provided in the lexicographical sources and fantasy texts, and the morphemic analysis are used to analyse the data collected. According to the results of the research, the conceptual category PERSON has a complex hierarchical structure. Two sub-categories – the Name of a Person and the Group of People – are determined in the structure of this conceptual category. The sub-category Name of a Person comprises about 63% (3730) of nominative units. Innovations are created by the writers to name or describe people of possible worlds, which comprise 79% (4653) of all the data collected. Peculiar features of fantasy discourse, in general, may be the focus of further research. It is also planned to contribute to online dictionaries devoted to fantasy novels.
Downloads
References
- Anderson, J. M. (2007). The grammar of names. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
- Brooks, T. (1977). The sword of Shannara. Retrieved March 07, 2017 from http://dloadvad.ru/new/book.php?id=115049923
- Brooks, T. (1992). The elf queen of Shannara. London: Random House.
- Candy, C & Lemberg, D. S. (2007). Encyclopaedia of historic places (Rev. edn.). New York: Facts on File.
- Cohen, H. & Lefebvre, C. (Eds.). (2017). Handbook of categorisation in cognitive science (2-d edn.). New York: Elsevier Science.
- Coleman, J. A. (2007). The dictionary of mythology: An A-Z of themes, legends and heroes. London: Arctaros.
- Croft, W., & Cruse, D. (2004). Cognitive linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Cruse, A. D. (2006). A glossary of semantics and pragmatics. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.
- Dummett, M. (2006). Thought and reality. Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
- Ekwall, E. (Ed.). (1936). The concise dictionary of English place names. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
- Esmaeili, P., Akhavan, B., & Amjad, F. A. (2015). Metaphorically speaking: Embodied conceptualization and emotion language in Tim O'Brien's The Things They Carried. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 4(5), 137-146. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.4n.5p.137
- Farland, D. (1998). Runelords: The sum of all men. Retrieved March 9, 2017 from http://bookgedebook.tk/downloads/all-the-men-of-the-bible.pdf
- Glucksberg, S. (2008). How metaphors creates categories. In R. W. Gibbs, Jr., (Ed.), The Cambridge handbook of metaphor and thought (pp. 67-84). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
- Goodkind, T. (1994). Wizard's first rule. Retrieved March 02, 2017 from http://www.bit-benbrewer.weebly.com/uploads/2/3/5/4/23542696/goodkind_terry_-_sword_of_truth_01_-_wizards_first_rule.pdf
- Goodkind, T. (1995). Stone of tears. Retrieved March 1, 2017 from http://www.nepad-ippf.org/Stone-Tears-2-Sword-Truth-Collection
- Goodkind, T. (1997). Temple of the winds. Retrieved March 3, 2017 from http://friendsoflagunaseca.org/Blood-Sword-Truth-Terry-Goodkind
- Győri, G. (2013). Basic level categories and meaning in language. Argumentum, 9, 149-161. Retrieved April 23, 2018 from http://argumentum.unideb.hu/2013-anyagok/kulonszam/06_gyorig.pdf
- Hamilton, L. K. (2002). Caress of twilight. Retrieved January 26, 2017 https://archive.org/details/caressoftwilight00laur
- Harris, С. (2009). Dead and gone. Retrieved July 12, 2018 from http://bookgedebook.tk/downloads/dead-and-gone-a-sookie-stackhouse-novel.pdf
- Hobb, R. (2002). Fool’s errand. London: Harper Collins Publishers.
- Jordan, R. (1990). Eye of the world. Retrieved March 01, 2017 from http://stealthgerbil.com/files/pdf/The%20Eye%20of%20the%20World%20-%20Robert%20Jordan.pdf
- Kövecses, Z. (2010). Metaphors: A practical introduction (5th edn.). Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press.
- Kövecses, Z. (2015). Surprise as conceptual category. Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 13(2), 270-290. https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.13.2.01kov
- Lakoff, G. & Johnsen, M. (2003). Metaphors we live by. London: The University of Chicago Press, 2003.
- Lipka, L. (2008). Lexical creativity, textuality and problems of metalanguage. In J. Munat (Ed.), Lexical creativity, texts and contexts. Amsterdam: J. Benjamin Publishing Company, 58, 3-13.
- Longmanonline.com. (n. d.). Retrieved February 23, 2018 from https://www.ldoceonline.com
- Online Etymology Dictionary. (n. d.). Retrieved March 07, 2018 from http://www.etymonline.com
- Nguyen, V. T. (2017). The cross-cultural analysis of the metaphorical conceptualization of happiness in English and Vietnamese. Review of Cognitive Linguistics, 14(2), 275-302. https://doi.org/10.1075/rcl.14.2.02ngu
- Paolini, C. (2008). Brisingr. Retrieved February 02, 2017 http://ivoryfreevermont.org/Brisingr-Inheritance-Cycle-Book-3
- Parks, R. (Ed.). (2009). UXL encyclopaedia of world mythology. London: Gale Learning.
- Pratchett, T. (1983). Colour of magic. Retrieved February 12, 2017 from http://img0.liveinternet.ru/images/attach/c/2/3820/3820555_pratchett_terry__discworld_01__colour_of_magic.pdf
- Pullman, P. (2000). Amber spyglass. Retrieved March 04, 2017 from https://hpl.bibliocommons.com/item/show/176554125_the_amber_spyglass
- Rowling, J. K. (1997). Harry Potter and the sorcerer's stone. Retrieved June 02, 2017 from http://www2.sdfi.edu.cn/netclass/jiaoan/englit/download/Harry%20Potter%20and%20the%20Sorcerer%27s%20Stone.pdf
- Rowling, J. K. (1998). Harry Potter and the chamber of secrets. Retrieved June 10, 2017 from https://www.lake.k12.fl.us/cms/lib/FL01000799/Centricity/Domain/4432/Harry%20Potter%20and%20the%20Chamber%20of%20Secrets.pdf
- Rowling, J. K. (1999). Harry Potter and the prisoner of Azkaban. Retrieved January 12, 2017 from http://ebook.pldworld.com/_eBook/Harry%20Potter%20(1~7)/J.K.%20Rowling%20-%20HP%203%20-%20Harry%20Potter%20and%20the%20Prisoner%20of%20Azkaban.pdf
- Rowling, J. K. (2000). Harry Potter and the goblet of fire. Retrieved March 11, 2017 from http://ebook.pldworld.com/_eBook/Harry%20Potter%20(1~7)/J.K.%20Rowling%20-%20HP%204%20-%20Harry%20Potter%20and%20the%20Goblet%20of%20Fire.pdf
- Rowling, J. K. (2003). Harry Potter and the order of the phoenix. Retrieved January 21, 2017 from http://zf.carsondemand.ie/harry_potter_the_order_of_phoenix.pdf
- Rowling, J. K. (2005). Harry Potter and the half-blood prince. Retrieved January 24, 2017 from https://drive.google.com/file/d/1XGrneuYtc4hL06-5T321B2r0hBvELH74/view
- Rowling, J. K. (2007). Harry Potter and the deathly hallows. London: Bloomsbury.
- Rosh, E. (2002). Principles of categorisation. In D. J. Levitin (Ed.), Foundations of cognitive psychology: The study of cognition (pp. 251-269). New York: The MIT Press Publication.
- Sharifian, F. (2017). Cultural linguistics and linguistic relativity. Language Sciences, 59, 83-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2016.06.002
- Sohrabi, Z. & Pirnajmuddin, H. (2017). John Donne's metaphors of self and empire: A cognitive analysis. 3L: Language, Linguistics, Literature, 23(2), 14-26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/3L-2017-2302-02
- Souter, A. et al. (Eds.). (1968). Oxford Latin-English dictionary. Oxford: The Clarendon Press.
- Subject Dictionary Glossary Lexicon Thesaurus (n. d.). Retrieved March 12, 2018 from http://www.ats-group.net/glossary-lexicon.html
- Talmy, L. (2007). Foreword to methods in cognitive linguistics. In M. Gonzalez-Marquez, I. Mittelberg, and S. Coulson (Eds.), Methods in cognitive linguistics (pp. 11-22). New York: John Benjamin Publishing.
- Tawwab Sharaf Eldin, A. A. T. (2015). A cognitive metaphorical analysis of selected verses in the glorious Qu’ran. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature, 4(2), 193-198. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.4n.2p.193
- Troop, A. F. (2003). Dragon moon. Retrieved March 11, 2017 from http://www.greylib.su/?category=english-engfan&altname=dragon_moon
- Tyle, B. L. (Ed.). (2002). UXL encyclopaedia of world bibliography (Vols. 1-10). London: Gale Learning.
- Valente, C. M. (2006). The orphan's tales: In the night garden. Retrieved January 15, 2017 from https://napateltho1980.files.wordpress.com/2015/08/the-orphans-tales-in-the-night-garden-by-catherynne-valente.pdf
- Valente, C. M. (2007). The orphan's tales: In the cities of coin and spice. Retrieved March 08, 2017 from http://freeofread.com/download/in-the-cities-of-coin-and-spice-orphans-tales-2-catherynne-m-valente/
- White, A., Storms, G, Malt, B. C. & Verheyen, S. (2018). Mind the generation gap: Differences between young and old in everyday lexical categories. Journal of Memory and Language, 98, 12-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jml.2017.09.001
- Wright, J. (Ed.). (1905). The English dialect dictionary (Vols. 1-6). Oxford, London, New York: Henry Frowde.
- Zelazny, R. (1991). Prince of chaos. Retrieved March 13, 2017 https://royallib.com/read/Zelazny_Roger/Prince_of_chaos.html#0
- Zhanalina, L. K. & Ordahanova, A. B. (2015). Substance and methods of cognitive approach in linguistics. Procedia: Social and Behavioral Sciences, 192, 720-723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.071
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2018 Iryna Aleksandruk, Oksana Babelyuk
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).