PINOY TELLS: THE TYPOLOGY OF ENGLISH LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20535/2410-8286.309352Keywords:
language learning strategies, cross-sectional exploratory sequential design, undergraduate university learners, inventory of English language learning strategiesAbstract
Despite numerous studies about language learning strategies (LLSs), many learners still misunderstand their effectiveness, thinking they require too much effort for minimal gain. Additionally, students have varied and conflicting preferences for LLSs, and factors like cultural background influence their choices, indicating a need for more research on how these elements affect learning behaviors. It is, therefore, essential to address students' perceptions and use of LLSs to ensure effective language learning. This study developed an inventory of English language learning strategies for Filipino college and university students. Using a cross-sectional exploratory sequential design, the researchers collected qualitative data from 544 Filipino university students to understand their language learning experiences and preferences, afterward developing the Typology of English Language Learning Strategies (TELLS) questionnaire through a validated thematic analysis consisting of three key components: intellective (acquiring and meaning-making), affective (information processing and acclimating), and productive (technological utilization, filtering, practicing, and validating). In the quantitative phase, 502 Filipino undergraduate respondents identified the most frequently used strategies. The results revealed that these learners commonly employed most components within the typology, except for the Practicing Productive Component. This research significantly contributes to the understanding of English language learning strategies among Filipino students. It provides a valuable resource for educators, curriculum designers, and language learning practitioners by developing an empirically validated typology tailored to students' needs and preferences. The findings also suggest avenues for future research, such as examining the relationship between TELLS components and language proficiency outcomes or exploring the implementation of TELLS in language learning.
Downloads
References
- Agustin, W., Wahyudin, AY., & Isnaini, S. (2021). Language learning strategies and academic achievement of English Department students. Journal of Arts and Education, 1(1), 19-29. https://doi.org/10.33365/jae.v1i1.34
- Akbari, Z. (2019). EFL Learners' Misconceptions or Erroneous Beliefs about Language Learning: An ESP Context. Language Teaching. https://doi.org/10.32038/ltrq.2019.09.03
- Alhamdawee, A. L. N. O., & Abbas, A. L. I. S. (2021). Metacognition and language learning. International Journal on Humanities and Social Sciences, 26. https://doi.org/10.33193/ijohss.26.2021.333
- Almusharraf, N., & Bailey, D. R. (2021). A regression analysis approach to measuring the influence of student characteristics on language learning strategies.International Journal of Instruction, 14(4), 463-482. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1319105.pdf
| - Alshahrani, H. A. (2019). Strategies to improve English vocabulary and spelling in the classroom for ELL, ESL, EO and LD students. International Journal of Modern Education Studies, 3(2), 65-81. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1293606.pdf
- An, Z, Wang, C., Li, S., Gan, Z. & Li, H. (2021). Technology-assisted self-regulated English language learning: associations with English language self-efficacy, English enjoyment, and learning outcomes. Frontiers in Psychology, 11 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.558466
| - Azeez, P. (2020). Investigating Editing and Proofreading Strategies used by Koya University Lecturers. Evaluation Study of Three Diagnostic Methods for Helicobacter Pylori Infection, 7(3), 341–361. https://doi.org/10.24271/garmian.2070324
- Aziz, S. N. S. M., & Shah, P. M. (2020). Language learning strategy (LLS) for English language learners in polytechnic. Journal of Personalized Learning, 3(1), 71-78. https://spaj.ukm.my/jplearning/index.php/jplearning/article/viewFile/121/91
- Baytekin, M. E., & Su-Bergil, A. (2021). The role of Web2.0 and social media tools in foreign language learning. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 20(2), 104–115. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1304891.pdf
- Berg, D. R., Lu, Y., & Huang, S. C. (2021). Developing a socioculturally-appropriate language learning strategies questionnaire for Taiwanese university students. Taiwan Journal of TESOL,18(1), 63-98. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1288990
| - Brooks, G., Clenton, J., & Fraser, S. (2021). Exploring the importance of vocabularyfor English as an additional language learners’ reading comprehension. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching,11(3) 351-376. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/ssllt.2021.11.3.3
| - Chikiwa, C. (2021) Gestures and the spoken language: A crucial semiotic and symbiotic relationship in multilingual mathematics classes. EURASIA Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 17(12). https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/11279
| - Cubukcu, F., & Bayalas, M. (2021). Age, language difference and proficiency as determinant factors in learning strategy use. Lenguaje, 49(1), 165–197. https://doi.org/10.25100/lenguaje.v49i1.10499
- Derakhshan, A., Tamaskani, R., & Faribi, M. (2015). Issues in language learning strategies. International Journal of Social Sciences and Education, 5(4), 613-621. http://ijsse.com/sites/default/files/issues/2015/v5i4/Paper-09.pdf
- Dong,A, Jong, M. & King, R. (2020). How does prior knowledge influence learning engagement? The mediating roles of cognitive load and help-seeking. Frontiers in Psychology, 11:591203. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.591203/full
| - Etikan, I., Musa, S. A., & Alkassim, R. S. (2016). Comparison of convenience sampling and purposive sampling. American Journal of Theoretical and Applied Statistics, 5(1), 1-4. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajtas.20160501.11
| - Ezeh, N. G., Anyanwu, E. C., & Onunkwo, C. M. (2022). Dictionary as an effective resource in teaching and learning of English as a second language: Complementing instructions. English Language Teaching, 15(4), 108. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v15n4p108
- Faisal, W. & Atei, A (2022). Using "memory strategies" to enhance EFL grammar to 6th secondary students. Multicultural Education, 8(1). http://ijdri.com/me/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/37.pdf
- Fudhla, N., Solusia, C., & Oktoviandry, R. (2020). Context Clues as a Vocabulary Learning Strategy: A View of Its Implementation in EFL Classroom. Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200306.014
- Griffiths, C. (2020). Language learning strategies: Is the babystill in the bathwater? Applied Linguistics, 41(4), 607-611. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amy024
- Griffiths, C., and Soruç, A. (2020). Individual differences in language learning: A complex systems theory perspective. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Halcomb, E. J., & Hickman, L. (2015). Mixed methods research. Nursing Standard: Promoting Excellence in Nursing Care, 29(32), 41-47. https://ro.uow.edu.au/smhpapers/2656/
| - Iamudom, T., & Tangkiengsirisin, S. (2020). A comparison study of learner autonomy and language learning strategies among Thai EFL learners. International Journal of Instruction,13(2). 199-212. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1249113.pdf
| - Jamrus, M. & Razali, A. (2019). Using self-assessment as a tool for English language learning. English Language Teaching, 12(11). 64-73. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v12n11p64
- Kölemen, Ü. (2021). A systematic review of studies on language learning strategies from 1977 to 2018. International Journal of Language and Literary Studies, 3(1), 151-169. https://doi.org/10.36892/ijlls.v3i1.485
- Kusuma, A., Dewanti, R., & Principe, R. A. (2022). English learning strategies among senior high schools in Yogyakarta. Tamansiswa International Journal in Education and Science, 4(1), 29-34. https://jurnal.ustjogja.ac.id/index.php/TIJES/article/view/13527
- Lestari, M., & Wahyudin, A. Y. (2020). Language learning strategies of undergraduate EFL students. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, 1(1), 25-30. https://doi.org/10.33365/jeltl.v1i1.242
- Melvina, M., Lengkanawati, N. S., & Wirza, Y. (2020). EFL learners’ language learning strategies: Field specialization and gender. International Journal of Education,13(2), 63-69. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Melvina-Melvina2/publication/348845449O’
- Malley, J. M., & Chamot, A. U. (1990). Learning strategies in second language acquisition. Cambridge University Press.
- Oxford, R. L. (1990). Language learning strategies: What every teacher should know. Heinle & Heinle.
- Pagalilauan, J. B. (2023). Language learning Strategies and Learning Styles among BSED students of SJCBI. American Journal of Education and Technology, 1(4), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajet.v1i4.1108
- Pawlak, M. (2021). Investigating language learning strategies: Prospects, pitfalls and challenges. Language Teaching Research, 25(5), 817-835. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362168819876156
| - Quinto, J. B. (2022). Seize the day or seize theses? The challenges in undergraduate thesis writing. Issues in Educational Research, 32(4), 1567-1583. http://www.iier.org.au/iier32/quinto.pdf
| - Ranjan, R., & Philominraj, A. (2020). Language learning strategies, motivation and gender in foreign language context. Universal Journal of Educational Research 8(2), 591-604. https://www.hrpub.org/journals/article_info.php?aid=8800
- Ranjan, R., Philominraj, A., & Saavedra, R. A. (2021). On the relationship between language learning strategies and language proficiency in Indian universities. International Journal of Instruction, 14(3), 73-94. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1304555
| - Schipor, D., & Hammershaug, V. S. (2022). Language learning strategies in the 2020 national curriculum for English. In M. Dypedahl (Ed.), Moving English language teaching forward (Ch. 12, pp. 271–294). Cappelen DammAkademisk. https://doi.org/10.23865/noasp.166.ch12
- Schoonenboom, J., & Johnson, R. B. (2017). How to construct a mixed methods research design. KZfSS Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie, 69(2), 107-131. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11577-017-0454-1
- Senad, B., Amna, B. Č., & Edda, P. (2021). Exploring the relationship between language learning strategies, academic achievement, grade level, and gender. Journal of Language and Education, 7(2 (26), 93-106. https://doi.org/10.17323/jle.2021.10771
- Suwanarak, K. (2019). Use of learning strategies and their effects on English language learning of Thai adult learners. 3L, Language, Linguistics, Literature, 25(4). http://doi.org/10.17576/3L-2019-2504-07
- Taheri, H., Sadighi, F., Bagheri, M. S., & Bavali, M. (2020). Investigating the relationship between Iranian EFL learners’ use of language learning strategies and foreign language skills achievement. Cogent Arts & Humanities, 7(1), 1710944. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311983.2019.1710944
- Tran, N. T. N. (2021). The relationship between language learning strategies and gender in learning English as a second or foreign language. Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics, 3(6), 120–126.https://doi.org/10.32996/jeltal.2021.3.6.17
- Widharyanto, B., & Binawan, H. (2020). Learning style and language learning strategies of students from various ethnics in Indonesia. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 39(2), 514-528. https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/documents/detail/1692273
- Wu, W.-C., Yang, C.-H., & Turner, M. (2023). Exploring the Interdisciplinary Relationship between Music and Language for Enhanced Bilingual Curriculum. Journal Of Curriculum Studies Research, 5(3), 96-112. https://doi.org/10.46303/jcsr.2023.33
- Yu,B. (2023). Self-regulated learning: A key factor in the effectiveness of online learning for second language learners. Frontier Psychology, 12(13). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1051349
- Yadav, M. S. (2021). Role of Social Media in English Language Learning to the Adult Learners. International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation, 4(1), 238–247. https://doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2021.4.1.25
- Yunus, N. A. M., Mustafa, Z., & Zaharuddin, A. (2022). Strategies in language learning: A survey among undergraduate Japanese language students in USIM. Al-Azkiyaa-Jurnal Antarabangsa Bahasa dan Pendidikan, 1(2), 103-114. https://azkiyaa.usim.edu.my/index.php/jurnal/article/view/30/18
- Hajar, A., & Karakus, M. (2024). Five decades of language learning strategy research: a bibliometric review and research agenda. Language Learning Journal, 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571736.2024.2361145
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Dr. Manilyn R. Cacanindin, Dr. Joseph B. Quinto. The cover for this article was designed with canva.com
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms:- Authors retain copyright and grant the journal right of first publication with the work simultaneously licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution License that allows others to share the work with an acknowledgement of the work's authorship and initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are able to enter into separate, additional contractual arrangements for the non-exclusive distribution of the journal's published version of the work (e.g., post it to an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with an acknowledgement of its initial publication in this journal.
- Authors are permitted and encouraged to post their work online (e.g., in institutional repositories or on their website) prior to and during the submission process, as it can lead to productive exchanges, as well as earlier and greater citation of published work (See The Effect of Open Access).